Why do joints become stiff?

Answer

Joint stiffness occurs when the normal movement of a joint becomes restricted due to inflammation, cartilage damage, muscle tightness, or reduced joint lubrication. It is commonly felt after waking up, prolonged sitting, or inactivity and may improve with movement in mild cases.

1. Arthritis
Arthritis is the most common cause of joint stiffness. In osteoarthritis, cartilage wear reduces smooth joint motion, while rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation of the joint lining, leading to prolonged stiffness.

2. Inflammation & Swelling
Injury, infection, or autoimmune reactions can cause fluid buildup and inflammation inside the joint, making movement painful and stiff.

3. Ageing & Cartilage Degeneration
With age, cartilage gradually wears down and joint lubrication decreases, resulting in stiffness, especially in weight-bearing joints like knees and hips.

4. Lack of Movement
Prolonged sitting, bed rest, or sedentary lifestyle can tighten muscles and reduce joint flexibility, causing temporary stiffness.

5. Injuries & Ligament Problems
Past injuries such as ligament tears, meniscus damage, or fractures may lead to chronic stiffness if not properly rehabilitated.